Water consumption - classification and related terms
By Community in Environmental engineering
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Definition of water consumption (W.C)
It is the amount of water consumed by a community in one day. It is usual to express water consumption in liters/capita/day.
Average water consumption is usually 150 to 600 LPCD.
Classification of W.C according to Use
No. | Purpose | Use | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Domestic | Sanitary, Drinking, Washing, Bathing, Cooking, Gardening etc. | ~ 50-250 LPCD |
2 | Commercial and Industrial | Markets, Office buildings, Dental clinics, Private Schools, Garages, Workshops etc. | ~ 12.2 cube m/1000 sq. m of floor area/day |
3 | Public Use | Public buildings i.e. Tower halls, Jails, Schools, Street washing, public toilets, gardens + Fire fighting | ~ 10-20% of total water supply |
4 | Unaccounted | Loss of water through leaks, Unauthorized connections | ~ 10-15% of total water supply |
Terms related to water consumption
There are some important terms related to water consumption which are listed below,
Average Daily Consumption
Maximum Daily Consumption
Peak Hourly Consumption
1 - Average daily consumption
It is the average amount of water consumed by a community in one day divided by the number of people served.
2 - Maximum daily consumption
It is the maximum water consumption during any one day in the year. It is about 150 to 180% of average day consumption.
3 - Peak hourly consumption:
The peak consumption during any hour of the year excluding fire demand is called Peak Hourly Consumption. It is around 150% of the maximum daily consumption.
Ratios of water consumption used in design
Most common ratios that are being used in the design of water distribution system for a certain community are as follows,
Maximum Day: Average Day = 1.5:1
Peak Hour: Maximum Day = 1.5:1
Peak Hour: Average Day = 2.25:1
The above ratios can be different depending upon the specific needs of the community and design criteria.
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